191 Lutiana Valadares Fernandes Barbosa and Juliana Moreira Mendonça adapt it for different audiences, depending on the age, educational level, and other variables (Rillig, 2023). A relevant aspect is that “To implement AI-based technology successfully, tech companies must be willing to share knowledge with users, including instructions on how to take measurements that will yield data” (Nixon-Saintil, 2023). Furthermore, LLMs based apps could enhance the amount of people taking part in environmental discussions, as those systems might be available in multiple languages (Rillig, 2023). 2. REFLECTIONS ON AI AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: A HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH 2.1 Human Rights Framework This section provides a brief reflection on AI, human rights, and environmental racism. First, it discusses the current legally binding framework, next it presents some reflections based on international organization human rights monitoring bodies, and then it discusses soft law on the topic. The current scenario is that AI technologies affect a broad spectrum of human rights, and there is no legally binding international human rights framework that specifically addresses AI technologies. However, long-established human rights principles, including racial equality and non-discrimination principles, provide relevant duties to protect, respect, and remedy human rights in the context of AI-related actions. Those principles are codified in all core human rights treaties and have achieved the status of a peremptory norm with obligation erga omnes (United Nations, 2020). For instance, article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) “All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.” (ICCPR, 1976).
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