Artificial Intelligence and environmental racism: initial reflections 194 ple of non-discrimination is one of the linchpins of any democratic systemand that it is one of the cornerstones of the human rights protection system established by the Organization of American States (OAS). Alongside the binding international treaties, some relevant soft law instruments were approved to provide guidance to the emerging intersections between AI and human rights. First we will present PECD´s instrument, which has more general provisions, and then UNESCO´s Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, in which environmental racism effects were highlighted, and the touch upon United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). In May 2019, OECD (The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) member countries approved the “OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence,” the first international soft law instrument agreed upon by States. The instrument embraces concrete recommendations for public policy and strategic approaches. Its degree of generality maximizes its effectiveness by guaranteeing that the recommendations can be applied to AI developments in diverse context and regions of the globe (OECD, 2019). In this regard, principle 1.1., which concerns inclusive growth, sustainable development and well-being, underlines that: “Stakeholders should proactively engage in responsible stewardship of trustworthy AI in pursuit of beneficial outcomes for people and the planet, such as augmenting human capabilities and enhancing creativity, advancing inclusion of underrepresented populations, reducing economic, social, gender and other inequalities, and protecting natural environments, thus invigorating inclusive growth, sustainable development and well-being.” (OECD, 2019). Furthermore, principle 1.2 relates to human-centered values and fairness: “a) AI actors should respect the rule of law, human rights and democratic values, throughout the AI system lifecycle. These include freedom, dignity and autonomy, privacy and data protection, non-discrimination and equality, diversity, fairness, social justice, and internationally recognised labour rights.
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