195 Lutiana Valadares Fernandes Barbosa and Juliana Moreira Mendonça b) To this end, AI actors should implement mechanisms and safeguards, such as capacity for human determination, that are appropriate to the context and consistent with the state of art” (OECD, 2019).” Discussing OECD human centered principle, the OECD.AI Policy observatory highlights that principles also acknowledge the importance of instruments such as “human rights impact assessments (HRIAs) and human rights due diligence, human determination (i.e., a “human in the loop”), codes of ethical conduct, or quality labels and certifications intended to promote human-centered values and fairness” (OECD.AI Policy Observatory). According to UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, States must ensure that the use of AI related to the environment aligns with the values and principles of the recommendation (United Nations, 2021, par. 79). On the politics of data, it highlights States duty to ensure data policies that offer a total safety of sensitive personal data which is published or inadequately shared might cause damage or exceptional burdens, and exemplifies with personal data related to race (United Nations, 2021, par. 74). It also foresees that both States and corporations have a duty to evaluate throughout the AI lifecycle, the direct and indirect environmental impact of AI, including the carbon footprint, energy consumption, and reduce the environmental impact (Unesco, 2021, par. 84). It acknowledges some positive impacts of AI in systems such as those which “support the protection, monitoring and management of natural resources,” “support the prediction, prevention, control and mitigation of climate-related problems,” support a more efficient and sustainable food ecosystem” and acknowledges the duty to ensure that indigenous communities are part of processes throughout AI´s lifecycle (United Nations, 2021, par. 85). Furthermore, the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) set forth clear expectations for States and businesses and provide a tool for initiatives and processes by States and businesses, which have the potential to catalyze transformative change. If effectively implemented, the UNGPs would lead to meaningful action in preventing and addressing environmental racism. In short, considering that human-centered values might be deliberately or accidentally infringed by AI systems and that there
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